The most authentic & comprehensive website on Disinvestments in India
…A helping hand to PSUs
A PSU Service Initiative of
Message from MD & CEO, BSE
How to use this website?
Disinvestments Database
Fresh Capital Raising Database
PSU Primary Capital Market Database
Info Bank on Listed PSUs@BSE
PSU Public Offers in Pipeline
Divestments required in Listed PSUs to reach 25% and 10% Public Shareholding
PSU Public Offers in Pipeline
(as on 05 February 2012)
(This is based upon Public Announcements made by the Government/Company at any point of time. Companies are requested to write to us for updations/changes if any.)
CPSEs (Central Public Sector Enterprises)
IPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
AIR INDIA LTD.
1200.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
17/11/2009
2
AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
*
 
HINDU,THE
26/03/2011
3
ANTRIX CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
4
BHARAT PETRORESOURCES LTD.
*
 
ASIAN AGE, THE
12/02/2008
5
BHARAT PUMPS & COMPRESSORS LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
22/03/2011
6
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LTD.
20300.00
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
7
BRIDGE & ROOF CO.(INDIA) LTD.
*
 
TELEGRAPH,THE
16/06/2011
8
CEMENT CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
22/03/2011
9
CENTRAL COALFIELDS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
10
CENTRAL INLAND WATER TRANSPORT CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
11
CENTRAL WAREHOUSING CORP.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
12
COCHIN SHIPYARDS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
13
COTTON CORP.OF INDIA LTD.,THE
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
14
EDCIL (INDIA) LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
15
ELECTRONICS CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
16
ENGINEERING PROJECTS (INDIA) LTD.
100.00
 
HINDU,THE
15/07/2010
17
ENNORE PORT LTD.
500.00
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
18
EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
19
GARDEN REACH SHIPBUILDERS & ENGINEERS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
20
GOA SHIPYARD LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
06/05/2008
21
HEAVY ENGINEERING CORP.LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
22/03/2011
22
HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD.
910.00
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
23/01/2012
23
HINDUSTAN NEWSPRINT LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
24
HINDUSTAN PAPER CORP.LTD.
*
 
HINDU,THE
15/07/2010
25
HINDUSTAN SHIPYARD LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
26
HLL LIFECARE LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
27
HMT (INTERNATIONAL) LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
17/03/2010
28
HOUSING & URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
29
INDIA INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE CO.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
25/08/2010
30
INDIA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORP.LTD.
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
23/01/2010
31
INDIA TRADE PROMOTION ORGANISATION
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
06/05/2008
32
INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING & TOURISM CORP.LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
14/03/2008
33
INDIAN RAILWAY FINANCE CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
34
KIOCL LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
21/01/2010
35
MAHANADI COALFIELDS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
36
MAZAGON DOCK LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
25/05/2009
37
MECON LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
22/03/2011
38
NATIONAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION CORP.LTD.
250.00
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
30/01/2012
39
NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
01/07/2011
40
NATIONAL SEEDS CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
41
NATIONAL TEXTILES CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
21/12/2010
42
NHDC LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
43
NORTH EASTERN ELECTRIC POWER CORP.LTD.,THE
225.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
44
NORTHERN COALFIELDS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
45
NTPC ELECTRIC SUPPLY CO.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
46
NTPC VIDYUT VYAPAR NIGAM LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
47
NUCLEAR POWER CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
48
NUMALIGARH REFINERY LTD.
800.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
49
ONGC VIDESH LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
10/06/2006
50
PAWAN HANS HELICOPTERS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
18/03/2009
51
PEC LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
05/06/2009
52
RAILTEL CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
53
RASHTRIYA ISPAT NIGAM LTD.
1150.00
 
INDIAN EXPRESS
26/01/2012
54
RITES LTD.
300.00
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
17/03/2010
55
SETHUSAMUDRAM CORP.LTD.
227.00
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
21/10/2005
56
SOUTH EASTERN COALFIELDS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
57
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANTS INDIA LTD.
400.00
 
DNA
15/10/2009
58
THDC INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
59
URANIUM CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
60
WAPCOS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
61
WESTERN COALFIELDS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/11/2009
FPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
ANDREW YULE & CO.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
06/05/2010
2
BHARAT ELECTRONICS LTD.
1600.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
19/07/2011
3
BHARAT PETROLEUM CORP.LTD.
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
03/02/2006
4
COAL INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
25/01/2012
5
CONTAINER CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
500.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
19/07/2011
6
DREDGING CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
25/01/2010
7
FERTILISERS & CHEMICALS TRAVANCORE LTD.,THE
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
06/11/2009
8
GAIL (INDIA) LTD.
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
19/09/2005
9
HINDUSTAN COPPER LTD.
4000.00
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
30/01/2012
10
HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORP.LTD.
5000.00
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
27/05/2009
11
HMT LTD.
*
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
16/08/2009
12
INDIAN OIL CORP.LTD.
20000.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
25/01/2012
13
ITI LTD.
*
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
16/08/2009
14
MMTC LTD.
500.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
25/01/2012
15
NATIONAL ALUMINIUM CO.LTD.
3000.00
 
BUSINESS LINE
31/08/2011
16
NEYVELI LIGNITE CORP.LTD.
2400.00
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
01/07/2011
17
NTPC LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
18/12/2010
18
OIL & NATURAL GAS CORP.LTD.
12000.00
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
30/01/2012
19
OIL INDIA LTD.
*
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
30/01/2012
20
POWER FINANCE CORP.LTD.
*
 
DNA
03/09/2011
21
POWER GRID CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
25/01/2012
22
RASHTRIYA CHEMICALS & FERTILISERS LTD.
1100.00
 
DNA
24/09/2011
23
STATE TRADING CORP.OF INDIA LTD.,THE
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
16/01/2010
24
STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD.
5000.00
 
HINDUSTAN TIMES
30/01/2012
PSBs (Public Sector Banks)
IPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
ALLBANK FINANCE LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
2
EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF INDIA
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
3
NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
4
NATIONAL HOUSING BANK
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
5
SBI CAPITAL MARKETS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
17/10/2011
6
STATE BANK OF HYDERABAD
400.00
 
MINT
31/08/2007
7
STATE BANK OF INDORE
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
16/05/2007
8
STATE BANK OF PATIALA
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
16/05/2007
FPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
ANDHRA BANK
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
09/03/2011
2
BANK OF MAHARASHTRA
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
08/07/2009
3
CANARA BANK
4000.00
 
DECCAN HERALD
14/01/2008
4
IDBI BANK LTD.
700.00
 
BUSINESS LINE
12/06/2010
5
INDIAN BANK
*
 
DNA
24/08/2011
6
INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
18/09/2011
7
ORIENTAL BANK OF COMMERCE
1000.00
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
29/01/2010
8
STATE BANK OF INDIA
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
11/10/2011
9
UCO BANK
400.00
 
MINT
02/12/2010
10
UNION BANK OF INDIA
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
30/12/2010
11
UNITED BANK OF INDIA
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
26/07/2011
12
VIJAYA BANK
200.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
28/04/2006
SLPEs (State Level Public Enterprises)
IPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
GUJARAT STATE ENERGY GENERATION LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
21/02/2004
2
GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM CORP.LTD.
3050.00
 
21/05/2011
3
IFFCO CHATTISGARH POWER LTD.
600.00
 
BUSINESS LINE
07/07/2011
4
MAHARASHTRA KNOWLEDGE CORP.LTD.
*
 
HINDU,THE
13/06/2006
5
MAHARASHTRA STATE POWER GENERATION CO.LTD.
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
08/12/2009
6
RAJASTHAN STATE MINES & MINERALS LTD.
*
 
DNA
20/11/2010
FPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
GUJARAT MINERAL DEVELOPMENT CORP.LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
26/08/2006
Other Companies where Central and/or State Governments and/or Government Companies and/or Government Financial Institutions have the single largest shareholding
IPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
DELHI METRO RAIL CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
04/11/2010
2
NORTH EASTERN DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORP.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
3
PRIZE PETROLEUM CO.LTD.
150.00
 
BUSINESS LINE
17/01/2007
FPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
GUJARAT ALKALIES & CHEMICALS LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
26/08/2006
2
GUJARAT INDUSTRIES POWER CO.LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
26/08/2006
3
GUJARAT NARMADA VALLEY FERTILIZERS CO.LTD.
*
 
TIMES OF INDIA,THE
26/08/2006
4
PETRONET LNG LTD.
490.00
 
MINT
28/08/2009
Other Companies where Central and/or State Governments and/or Government Companies and/or Government Financial Institutions have some shareholding
IPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT CORP.
750.00
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
15/11/2007
2
BHARAT ALUMINIUM CO.LTD.
3000.00
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
20/10/2011
3
BHARAT OMAN REFINERIES LTD.
3850.00
 
DNA
10/09/2009
4
COCHIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT LTD.
2500.00
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
20/03/2008
5
DAMODAR VALLEY CORP.LTD.
*
 
TELEGRAPH,THE
04/08/2008
6
EASTERN INVESTMENTS LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
7
FCI ARAVALI GYPSUM & MINERALS INDIA LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
06/05/2008
8
GURU GOBIND SINGH REFINERIES LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
13/08/2005
9
MAHANAGAR GAS LTD.
150.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
01/10/2008
10
MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION CO.LTD.
1500.00
 
BUSINESS LINE
08/08/2008
11
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
27/07/2007
12
NATIONAL INSURANCE CO.LTD.,THE
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
21/08/2008
13
NEELACHAL ISPAT NIGAM LTD.
250.00
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
14
NEW INDIA ASSURANCE CO.LTD.,THE
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
21/08/2008
15
ONGC PETRO-ADDITIONS LTD.
3500.00
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
07/09/2009
16
ORIENTAL INSURANCE CO.LTD.,THE
*
 
BUSINESS LINE
21/08/2008
17
PARADIP REFINERY LTD.
*
 
FREE PRESS JOURNAL,THE
03/09/2008
18
PRASAR BHARATI
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
19/05/2006
19
PROSEAL CLOSURES LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
20
SBI FUNDS MANAGEMENT PVT.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
21
STATE BANK OF INDIA-NEW COMPANY
*
 
BUSINESS STANDARD
03/08/2007
22
UNITED INDIA INSURANCE CO.LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL CHRONICLE
12/10/2010
23
URAL INDIA LTD.
*
 
STATESMAN
13/03/2005
FPOs
SL.NO.
COMPANY
ESTIMATED AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
 
SOURCE
PUBLICATION
DATE
1
DPSC LTD.
*
 
FINANCIAL EXPRESS,THE
02/12/2009
2
HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD.
*
 
ECONOMIC TIMES,THE
20/10/2011
SOURCE : PRIME Database
@ Approximate, as in many cases ,the issue size will be determined only after the price discovery through bookbuilding.
* Not Known
Divestments required in Listed PSUs to reach 25% and 10% Public Shareholding
(Based on Shareholding Pattern as on 30.09.2011)
SL. NO.
COMPANY
CLOSE PRICE AS ON
03.02.2012
(Rs.)
PUBLIC SHAREHOLDING
( % )
REQUIRED TO
REACH 10% PUBLIC
SHAREHOLDING
REQUIRED TO
REACH 25% PUBLIC
SHAREHOLDING
%
AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
%
AMOUNT
(Rs.crore)
1
HINDUSTAN COPPER LTD.
299.35
0.41
9.59
2655.93
24.59
6810.39
2
MMTC LTD.
860.65
0.67
9.33
8030.90
24.33
20940.65
3
HMT LTD.
45.05
1.12
8.88
304.26
23.88
818.07
4
FERTILIZERS & CHEMICALS TRAVANCORE LTD.
34.00
1.44
8.56
188.36
23.56
518.37
5
NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LTD.
83.40
2.36
7.64
312.58
22.64
926.30
6
SCOOTERS INDIA LTD.
33.90
4.62
5.38
7.84
20.38
29.70
7
NEYVELI LIGNITE CORP.LTD.
97.25
6.44
3.56
580.59
18.56
3027.95
8
ANDREW YULE & CO.LTD.
23.25
6.70
3.30
25.03
18.30
138.77
9
ITI LTD.
27.90
7.02
2.98
23.94
17.98
144.47
10
RASHTRIYA CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS LTD.
65.90
7.50
2.50
90.91
17.50
636.26
11
INDIA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORP.LTD.
a
104.55
7.89
2.11
18.90
17.11
153.41
12
STATE TRADING CORP.OF INDIA LTD.,THE
315.85
8.98
1.02
19.38
16.02
303.65
13
HINDUSTAN PHOTO FILMS MFG.CO.LTD.
b
30.00
9.37
0.63
3.89
15.63
96.08
14
COAL INDIA LTD.
326.20
10.00
0.00
0.00
15.00
30905.97
15
NMDC LTD.
182.85
10.00
0.00
3.18
15.00
10877.40
16
SJVN LTD.
19.40
10.03
0.00
0.00
14.97
1201.16
17
MANGALORE REFINERY & PETROCHEMICALS LTD.
62.65
11.42
0.00
0.00
13.58
1491.44
18
NATIONAL ALUMINIUM CO.LTD.
63.75
12.85
0.00
0.00
12.15
1995.82
19
NHPC LTD.
21.00
13.64
0.00
0.00
11.36
2935.40
20
STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD.
105.25
14.17
0.00
0.00
10.83
4707.36
21
NTPC LTD.
176.30
15.50
0.00
0.00
9.50
13808.92
22
ENGINEERS INDIA LTD.
266.90
19.60
0.00
0.00
5.40
485.71
23
MOIL LTD.
274.40
20.00
0.00
0.00
5.00
230.50
24
INDIAN OIL CORP.LTD.
272.60
21.08
0.00
0.00
3.92
2594.92
25
DREDGING CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
291.70
21.44
0.00
0.00
3.56
29.10
26
OIL INDIA LTD.
1259.25
21.57
0.00
0.00
3.43
1039.99
27
BHARAT ELECTRONICS LTD.
1431.45
24.14
0.00
0.00
0.86
98.71
28
BALMER LAWRIE & CO.LTD.
556.50
100.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
29
BALMER LAWRIE INVESTMENTS LTD.
151.45
40.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
30
BEML LTD.
548.05
45.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
31
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.
263.80
32.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32
BHARAT IMMUNOLOGICALS & BIOLOGICALS CORP.LTD.
9.07
40.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
33
BHARAT PETROLEUM CORP.LTD.
574.80
45.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
34
CHENNAI PETROLEUM CORP.LTD.
169.65
32.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35
CONTAINER CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
953.15
36.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
36
GAIL (INDIA) LTD.
390.90
42.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
37
HINDUSTAN FLUOROCARBONS LTD.
13.28
39.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
38
HINDUSTAN ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD.
21.85
41.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
39
HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORP.LTD.
286.15
48.89
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
40
MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD.
29.75
40.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
41
OIL & NATURAL GAS CORP.LTD.
280.65
25.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
42
POWER FINANCE CORP.LTD.
186.70
26.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
43
POWER GRID CORP.OF INDIA LTD.
106.85
30.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
44
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CORP.LTD.
204.85
33.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
45
SHIPPING CORP.OF INDIA LTD.,THE
69.40
36.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12265.69
106946.47
a based on last traded price as on 21/10/2009
b based on last traded price as on 04/03/1994
SOURCE : PRIME Database
Primary Market and Disinvestment Data powered by
PRIME Database
©
© BSE All Rights Reserved
Terms and Conditions/Disclaimer
|
Site Map
No part of this site may be reproduced without the explicit permission of the owners.